Datamaskinen føles litt tregere enn den gjorde denne gangen i fjor; Er det noe du kan kritisere til en aldrende prosessor?
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Spørsmålet
SuperUser leser Ben Simpson stiller følgende spørsmål:
This is a hypothetical question about how a CPU operates. If I purchase two identical CPUs, and use one long term (say one year), will it be identical in speed to the unused CPU? Will the number of clock cycles, latency of requests, etc on the used CPU be less than that of the unused CPU?
A supporting argument may be that mechanical devices degrade over time, While a CPU has no moving parts (other than the external fan), it does have circuits that can be damaged by heat, and voltage spikes. Lets say that after a year of intensive use, the circuits degrade and fewer electrons can pass since the pathway is narrower, etc.
Is this the nature of how a CPU operates, or is it simply working or broken, with no speed degradation in between?
Går de sentrale behandlingsenhetene ned i tid eller er det andre faktorer som spiller?
Svarene
SuperUser-bidragsyter RedGrittyBrick hopper inn med en detaljert oversikt over hvordan CPU-hastigheten styres:
Is the performance of a CPU affected as it ages?after a year of intensive use, the circuits degrade and fewer electrons can pass since the pathway is narrower, etc.
No: Crystal Oscillator
The speed of a CPU is determined by a crystal oscillator – so far as I know this is an external part for most CPUs
Picture from TechRepublic article
Crystals undergo slow gradual change of frequency with time, known as aging.
However, I suspect this is not a significant factor.
Drift with age is typically 4 ppm for the first year and 2 ppm per year for the life of the DT-26 crystal.
(from TI concerning an RTC IC but I believe this rate is similar for timing crystals in general)
CPU Semiconductor changes
Breakthrough posted a link to an IEEE article that describes the myriad of ways that semiconductors are affected over time.
It is possible therefore that the maximum clock speed the CPU is capable of will decrease over time. However in most cases this will not cause the CPU’s theoretical maximum possible speed to fall, within a year, below the actual operating speed set by the crystal oscillator. Therefore a CPU that has been stored for a year will run at the same speed as an originally identical CPU that has been used continuously for a year.
CPU Thermal regulation
Many CPUs reduce their speed if their temperature exceeds a pre-set threshold. The main factors that might cause a one-year-old CPU to overheat are not to do with semiconductor degradation within the CPU itself. Therefore these factors have no bearing on the question as formulated.
It is unlikely that a given pair of identical CPUs will diverge in capability within one year sufficiently to trigger thermal issues that require one of them to run itself at a reduced speed. At least, I know of no evidence that this has occurred within one year on a device that is not considered a warranty failure due to manufacturing defect.
CPU Energy efficiency
Many computers, especially portable ones, are similarly designed to reduce energy consumption when idle. Again this is not really relevant to the question as stated.
BlueRaja hopper inn med et tillegg til Bens svar:
In theory, no, a CPU should run at basically the same speed its entire life.
In practice, yes, CPUs get slower over time because of dust build-up on the heatsink, and because the lower-quality thermal paste that prebuilt computers are often shipped with will degrade or evaporate. These effects cause the CPU to overheat, at which point it will throttle its speed to prevent damage.
Cleaning the heat sink and reapplying the thermal paste should make it as good as new, though.
Note: if you’re asking this due to having an old computer slow down, there are other reasons (usually dying hard-drives or popped capacitors) that old computers will slow down over time.
Med andre ord, dårlig vedlikehold av datamaskiner og billige monteringsmetoder er de virkelige hastighetsgassende demonene, ikke alder eller slitasje på den fysiske brikken. Rutinemessig rengjøring og kvalitet termisk pasta går langt i retning av at CPUen fungerer effektivt.
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AMD har nå bekreftet at "AMD-feilene" avslørt av CTS-Labs er ekte. Vi anbefaler at du installerer BIOS-oppdateringen som løser dem når den er tilgjengelig. Men ikke bekymre deg for mye. Faren for disse feilene har vært overdrevet.
Ubuntu Linux har et rikt sett med kommandoer for å få systeminformasjon. En av de nyttige delene av informasjon som en systemadministrator kan trenge, er å vite hva den totale systembelastningen på en server er.
Apple har blitt brann nylig for å innrømme at de smelter CPU-hastigheter på iPhone med gamle batterier. Etter mye press fra både media og kunder, inkluderer selskapet en måte å deaktivere denne gasspjeldingen i iOS 11.3, som bør være tilgjengelig de neste ukene.
Vil en systemgjenoppretting påvirke eller slette mine personlige filer eller dokumenter? Hvilke programmer, vil drivere bli påvirket etter at jeg har påvirket en systemgjenoppretting? Endringer som vil finne sted etter en systemgjenopprettingseffekt.
Bruk dette PowerShell-skriptet for å finne ut om Windows-datamaskinen din er berørt av sikkerhetsproblemer med Meltdown and Specter CPU og beskytte systemet fra det.
