We have already mentioned on numerous occasions the illustrious character who is with us today, Isaac Newton. But we have never been interested in aspects of his life before, what led him to be who he is? What are the subjects that he worked on?
After knowing some of the most used types of energy, knowing how they are obtained and some of their applications. Today we are going to study some of the energy transformations that take place, as well as their importance. However, let's remember the types in which energy is classified according to the form in which it manifests:
Since we have begun to know a type of energy that surrounds us, we will continue with another type of energy, the hydraulic energy. We call hydraulic energy, also known as hydropower, the energy that is obtained thanks to the water currents or waterfalls produced by rivers in certain sections, or even thanks to the current produced by the tides.
We are going to study today the types of circuits that we can normally find in the electrical appliances in our homes. We distinguish between three types of circuits according to the position of their elements (which we discussed previously), they can be series, parallel or mixed circuits.
When we work with circuits there are two concepts that we must handle very well: intensity and power, which are closely related. First of all we will start by defining the concept of intensity and its properties. ELECTRICAL CURRENT We call current intensity the amount of electric charge that a certain body (the conductor) has per unit of time.
We call thermal energy or heat energy the energy that bodies contain due to their temperature. This type of energy is produced thanks to the movement of internal particles that make up matter. Obviously, a body that is at a low temperature will have less thermal energy.
When on certain occasions we need to measure the current, voltage and resistance in a circuit, we use an instrument that allows us to carry out this multifunction and measure the three magnitudes at the same time: the multimeter. There are two types of multimeters, analog, which give us the reading by means of a needle on a graduated background;
After having seen the different types of circuits that we can find, today we are going to study the electrical resistance, as well as the steps that we have to follow to calculate it depending on the circuit in which we are working. DEFINITION Electric resistance is the greater or lesser opposition of electrons to movement through a conductor.
Today we are going to study how the forces that act on the same body can be, that is, we are going to study the systems of forces; since they are the set of forces that act on a body at the same time. Each of the forces that make up the system of forces is called a component of the system.
Any elastic body (for example, an elastic string) reacts against the deforming force to return to its original shape. As this, according to Hooke's law, is proportional to the deformation produced, the deforming force will have to have the same value and direction, but its direction will be the opposite.
We are surrounded by electrical circuits countless times. The most basic and known to all is thanks to which we can turn on a light in our homes or, without going any further, watch TV and talk on the mobile. Of course, these circuits cover a long distance throughout our building, but they all follow a characteristic scheme and have some components.
Threads and ropes are used to transmit forces from one body to another. If two equal and opposite forces are applied to the ends of a rope, the rope becomes tense; each of these two forces that it supports without breaking is called the tension of the string.
Equilibrium conditions are the laws that govern statics. Statics is the science that studies the forces that are applied to a body to describe a system in equilibrium. We will say that a system is in equilibrium when the bodies that form it are at rest, that is, without movement.
Movement of a body along a horizontal plane: In this case, the force acting on the body perpendicular to the slip plane is its weight Weight=m g and from the figure on the right, it is obvious that N=Weight=m g (1) (as we see in the cross of forces of the system).
If a car traveling on a horizontal road is left in "neutral" (the engine, in this case, does not exert any force on it) it should (according to Newton's law of inertia) continue with rectilinear motion and uniform; however, experience shows that it ends up stopping.
The study of electricity and the related effects derived from portions of mass dates back to antiquity, but it is not until the 18th century that it is studied in depth thanks to Benjamin Franklin and Cavendish, who were the first to postulate a law for the electric force very similar to that of Newton with the gravitational force.
In 1965, Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson had a problem. They had built a huge microwave detection antenna for Bell Labs that was intended to be used for telecommunications, but they managed to remove excess microwave radiation equivalent to a blackbody temperature of 3.
Theoretical physics is a branch of physics that exploits mathematical models and the abstractions of physics in an attempt to explain natural phenomena. Its central core is mathematical physics, despite this, other conceptual techniques are also used.
1 – An opaque, hot, solid, liquid or gaseous body emits a continuous spectrum 2 – A transparent gas produces a spectrum of bright (emission) lines. The number and position of these lines depends on the chemical elements present in the gas.
The idea of undulating light has a lot to do with the foreboding notion of a mechanical wave and especially with the propagation of vibrations in fluid media such as air or water. Huyghens in conceiving wave light and the propagation of light in a vacuum, assumed the existence of an ether permeating the universe.
The objective of this article is to relate the various optical instruments as well as their mechanisms of convergence - divergence, among others. Also set its various functions. To finish, we will talk about the vision that uses the lens system, providing that gift that is sight.
Supersonics, which should not be confused with ultrasonics, is the study of the effects that can be produced by those objects that move in a medium at a speed greater than the waves they generate. Nothing can move very quickly through a solid, and even the most creative inventors dare to dream of a submarine that moves through water faster than the speed of sound.
In the dynamics of circular movements we have seen that when an object describes a circular movement, a centripetal force must act on it, forcing it to describe the curve. This was given by the acceleration normal to the path of the curve, which was constant in the case of uniform circular motion (MCU) and variable in the case of uniformly accelerated circular motion (MCUA).
Intuitively, turbulence can be understood as the chaotic motion of fluids – be it interstellar cosmic dust in spiral galaxies, planetary gaseous atmospheres, or water flowing through a faucet. Longitude scales vary from galactic distances of 10 16 – 10 18 km, planetary distances of 1000 – 10,000 km, and distances on the human scale of 1mm – 10m (in the atmosphere and rivers, as well as in kitchen sinks).
The concept of mass, so widely used in physics, is elusive in its definition. According to classical mechanics, mass is "the amount of matter possessed by a body", and appears as a constant in Newton's second law, where it is the constant of proportionality between a force and the acceleration it produces on a body, and also appears in the law of universal gravitation.
A charge at rest generates an electric field in its surroundings. If this charge were in motion, the electric field at any position would be time varying and would generate a time varying magnetic field. These fields together constitute an electromagnetic wave, which propagates even in a vacuum.
The Venturi effect refers to the decrease in pressure exerted by a liquid by making it flow through a narrower section of a conduit (pipe). h=difference between the heights of the vertical tubes, which are joined in a U-shape and partially filled with water.
In nature, electric charges are present in all materials. Basically, all materials are made up of molecules made up of atoms. These are composed of smaller particles, protons, electrons and neutrons. Neutrons have no electric charge, but protons have a positive electric charge and electrons have a negative electric charge.
The main difference between a fluid and a solid is that the particles in the fluid can move relative to each other. In this way, when we apply a temperature gradient to a fluid, the hottest parts can move, producing a transfer of heat by the transport of matter itself.
In the 1850s, various difficulties with existing theories of heat, such as the caloric theory, led some people to look back to Bernoulli's theory, but little progress was made until Maxwell attacked the problem in 1859. Maxwell worked with the Bernoulli model, in which the atoms or molecules of a gas undergo elastic collisions with each other, obey Newton's laws and collide with each other (and with the walls of the container) with trajectories in lines straight before the
Property that materials have that suffer a decrease in volume when external forces are applied to them. One of the main causes of settlements is the compressibility of the soil. The volume variation of soils is due to the effect of compression and is influenced by the following factors:
Something that makes the Theory of Relativity such a surprising and sometimes counter-intuitive part of physics is the fact that instead of moving in everyday Euclidean space we move in Minkowski space. This basically comes to say that we are in a 4-dimensional space:
We reason according to Newton, stationary electromagnetic fields – electric field and magnetic field – would be, like the gravitational field, produced thanks to the emission, by material bodies, of something of an immaterial nature. Classically speaking, that something, being immaterial, should not carry energy.
The nature of radiation was a mystery to scientists for a long time. In the last century, J.C. Maxwell proposed that such a form of energy travels through space in the form of an oscillating field composed of an electric and magnetic disturbance in a direction perpendicular to the disturbances.
It is the vertical deformation in the surface of a terrain resulting from the application of loads or due to the self-weight of the layers. Settlement Types: Immediate: by elastic deformation (sandy soils or unsaturated clay soils) Due to densification:
At the end of the 19th century, scientists around the world believed that knowledge of physical laws had come to an end. Until then, the laws of electromagnetism proposed by James Clerck Maxwell and Michael Faraday were considered the end point of physical knowledge and nothing else could be discovered in natural science.
The coefficient of permeability can be determined directly through field and laboratory tests or indirectly using empirical correlations. It can be obtained using deformed or non-deformed samples. Indirect Determination A) Through a granulometric curve Using Hazen's equation for sand and gravel, with little or no fines.
A change in temperature can alter the value of the magnitudes of a body, such as: the pressure of a gas, the color of a metal, the electrical resistance of a conductor of electricity, the height of a column of mercury, etc. (In the construction of thermometers, these magnitudes are used as thermometric magnitudes.
That mechanism does not include microscopic heat transfer, by atoms or molecules, as described above. Convection is the flow of heat due to a macroscopic movement, charging parts of the substance from a hot region to a cold region. This mechanism has two aspects, one has to do with Archimedes' principle and the other with pressure.
Densification Densification is a slow and gradual process of reducing the void ratio of a soil by expelling the interstitial fluid and transferring the pressure of the fluid (water) to the solid skeleton, due to applied loads or weight of the overlying layers.