Continuing the previous article (The line I), today we are going to review other uses that this sign has. Let's get started:
1. In verbatim quotations, the transcriber's introductions are enclosed in dashes.
Example: "It is necessary -said the policeman- that the area be evacuated".
2. The dash also serves as an introductory sign for a list of elements that are written on different lines. In this case, the dash will not be written next to the first word, but a space will be left between them.
We can point out two ways to make the relationships when the dash is used:
a) It can be closed with a semicolon and write each of the elements that make up the relation in lowercase.
Example:
The elements involved in communication are:
- issuer;
- receiver;
- message;
- channel;
- code;
- context.
When, as in this case, the related elements are only made up of one word, punctuation marks may not be written.
The elements involved in communication are:
- issuer
- receiver
-message
- channel
- code
- context
b) It can be closed with a period and capitalize each of the elements that make up the relation. Normally, ituse this option when entire statements are related.
Example:
Some of the characteristic linguistic aspects of humanistic texts are:
- The use of abstract nouns.
- The abundant use of words that have been formed by suffixation.
- The appearance of non-scientific technicalities.
- The use of cultisms.
Here, the dash can be replaced by other signs, letters followed by parentheses, or numbers.
3. The dash can be used to indicate that a word that has already been written in the first line has been omitted. This usage is used in bibliographies, alphabetical lists, and other similar relationships.
Example:
Agent plugin
- circumstantial
-direct
- indirect
- predicative
After this line no punctuation mark should appear, even if it exists in the first mention.
Example:
MENÉNDEZ PIDAL, R: The Spain of the Cid (1929).
- Song of mine Cid: text, grammar and vocabulary (1908–1912).
- The Castilian epic through Spanish literature (1910).
8. We can find a dash preceded by a dot (.-) in a text in the following cases:
a) In book headings when the text that follows begins on the same line.
Example:
Number of nouns.- In terms of number, nouns in Spanish can
Be singular or plural. The plural is formedadding…
b)In plays, the line preceded by a dot is written between the character's name and her intervention
